The treatment of testicular pain and swelling depends largely on the cause of the discomfort. General soreness from physical fatigue, for example, can be treated with a cold compress or painkillers. On the other hand, testicular torsion, in which testicular pain and swelling are caused by a twisted testicle, requires immediate surgical intervention. In most cases, testicular pain and swelling is considered to be a medical emergency. Individuals who experience any related symptoms should consult a urologist as soon as possible.
The most common cause of this condition is physical trauma. This can occur if an individual accidentally hurts his groin or is struck in the area. It is also possible to feel pain and discomfort after vigorous sexual activity. In these cases, the testicular pain is temporary. The individual can choose to manage the discomfort with painkillers or a cold compress or simply wait until the pain fades.
If the pain is sudden and persistent, however, it may be a sign of a more serious medical condition. One of the chief medical causes is testicular torsion. Individuals with this condition suffer from a testicle that has twisted inside the scrotum, which can eventually cut off blood supply to the testicle. Testicular torsion must be surgically corrected immediately to prevent any permanent damage to the organ.
Other causes that require surgery include hernias and tumors. An inguinal hernia, in which a part of the intestine dislodges into the scrotal area, will need to be readjusted surgically. A rupture in the testicle caused by physical trauma will require invasive methods of healing, while testicular tumors need to be surgically removed.
Some conditions, such as epididymitis, can be treated with simple medication. Epididymitis occurs when an infection finds its way into the epididymis, causing testicular pain and swelling. Orchitis, in which the testicles themselves are infected, can be treated similarly with antibiotics. A kidney stone can also cause pain in the testicles; diuretic medication can help the patient pass the stone during urination.
Testicular pain and swelling can be prevented through several measures. Individuals who engage in regular physical activity might want to invest in athletic supporters to prevent hernias. Those involved in sports with greater chances of physical contact can also wear groin protectors to avoid serious physical trauma. In general, males should have checkups with their urologists once or twice a year, preventing any possible medical condition from progressing.