In order to dye satin, you must first determine what kind of fibers the fabric is made of. The term satin refers to a weaving pattern used to make fabric, not the raw materials used, so you cannot determine which kind of dye is needed from merely knowing that the fabric is satin. Once the fibers have been identified, the directions provided with the appropriate dye are typically sufficient, although special care must be taken to preserve the luster of the item. It is very important to use only dyes that are intended for the kinds of fibers in the satin, as attempting to dye satin with inappropriate dyes may ruin the fabric.
Determining the fiber content of the satin can usually be accomplished by looking at the label on the item that will be dyed. Most dresses, shoes, and fabrics will specify what the item is made out of, usually somewhere near the information about how to wash the item. Polyester, acetate, rayon, and silk are all popular materials. If there is no information provided, you can perform a burn test. By judging the reaction of a sample of the material to fire, according to a burn test interpretation chart, it is usually possible to determine what the fabric is made of.
If the satin is made of polyester or acetate, it will need to be boiled for a long period of time in disperse dye. These fibers will take no other kind of dye. Silk, on the other hand, can take fiber reactive dyes or acid dyes. Directions vary depending on the brand of dye used, but usually involve steaming or heat. Rayon can also be dyed with fiber reactive dyes using the processes above.
Dying satin shoes is generally accomplished by sponging the dye onto the shoe directly. A satin dress, on the other hand, is typically dyed by soaking the entire dress in dye. This technique may also be used to dye satin fabric before it is sewn together. Satin fabrics and dresses may be dyed multiple colors through tie-dye, painting, and other dye application processes. It is important to remember, though, that satin is a relatively delicate weave, and harsh processes such as twisting and the use of chemicals can reduce its shine and overall quality.
Usually, it is considered fairly easy to dye satin made of silk, as is also true of many natural fibers that can be used to make satin. It may be very difficult or impossible to dye satin made of certain fibers, such as nylon coated with dye repellent. Achieving an even and desirable appearance on any fabric can be difficult at first, and it may be a good idea to practice on scrap items before attempting to dye an important piece of satin.