A number of things can cause a bulging disc. Understanding the cause can sometimes be an important part of the treatment plan, because the patient should take steps to reduce the risk of recurrence or additional strain. Knowing the potential causes of bulging and herniated discs can also help people avoid activities which could threaten their spinal health.
The terms “bulging disc” and “herniated disc” are often used interchangeably. In both cases, the condition is characterized by a problem with the spongy discs which act as shock absorbers between the vertebrae. Normally, the discs are aligned with the spine, but sometimes the jellylike fluid in the discs presses against the outer walls from the inside, causing a disc to bulge out from between two vertebrae. This condition is sometimes accompanied with significant pain, because the disc can start to press on the nerves of the spine. In the case of herniated discs, the outer casing of the disc actually splits, causing the fluid inside to leak.
Age is one of the leading causes for bulging discs. As people age, their tissues lose elasticity, and this loss can cause the tough outer envelope of the disc to weaken, allowing the fluid inside to bulge. Bulging discs associated with age may also be accompanied by degenerative conditions like osteoporosis, which weaken the spine, making it more susceptible to developing this condition.
The risk of developing a bulging disc can be increased by smoking, according to some studies, and taller individuals also seem to be more prone to the problem. Weight is also a factor, with people of heavier weight naturally putting more pressure on their discs. People with strenuous jobs are also more likely to develop this condition, especially if they do a lot of heavy lifting or bending.
Strain can cause a torn annulus, tearing the outer layer of the disc and causing it to bulge. Spinal trauma and degenerative diseases can also lead to a bulging disc. However, many people have this problem and are entirely unaware of it in the early stages, until the bulge protrudes enough to start putting pressure on the nerves. Pain from this condition may also be dismissed as pain from general spinal strain, which is one reason why it is a good idea to seek medical attention for persistent back pain.