Conjugated estrogens are a combination of estrogen hormones that are used in the treatment of menopausal symptoms. These symptoms typically include vaginal dryness and irritation, and hot flashes. In addition, conjugated estrogens are often prescribed in the presence of ovarian failure or conditions that result in a lack of circulating estrogens in the body. Estrogen deficiency can lead to osteoporosis, which causes a decrease in bone density and can lead to fractures.
Generally, although conjugated estrogens are typically recommended in the treatment of menopause, they are sometimes used in the treatment of certain cancers in both men and women. Long term use of conjugated estrogen and hormone replacement therapy can increase the risk of breast and endometrial cancers. In addition, estrogens can elevated the risk of stroke and heart attacks. If menopausal symptoms are not disruptive to daily life, other symptomatic relief treatments may be considered such as exercise and herbal remedies.
Typically, conjugated estrogens may be contraindicated when conditions such as a history of stroke, blood clots, or heart attack are present. In addition, the presence of unchecked vaginal bleeding or hormonal-fueled cancer should alert the physician to consider other methods of menopausal symptom relief. It is important to note that conjugated estrogens can contribute to endometrial hyperplasia. This condition causes a thickening of endometrial tissue, which may lead to uterine cancer. Although combining progestins with estrogens can lower the risk, it does not entirely eliminate it.
Sometimes conjugated estrogens can cause side effects or adverse reaction. Usually, these symptoms are mild and transient, however, they can be significant. Mild side effects generally include nausea, bloating and breast tenderness. In addition, changes in menstrual bleeding and vaginal discharge may also be noticed. More serious side effects can include chest pain and numbness or pain and swelling in the legs. Sometimes, migraine headache and hemorrhagic vaginal bleeding may occur as well. Serious side effects should be considered a medical emergency and necessitates immediate medical evaluation.
Frequently, in the treatment of osteoporosis, long term estrogen therapy may be necessary to obtain benefits needed to reduce bone fracture risk. Typically, the benefits are further increased when estrogen therapy is is started soon after the start of menopause. In addition to therapy with conjugated estrogens, calcium supplementation is also important in the prevention of osteoporosis. Estrogen replacement therapy has many benefits and indications for use, however, treatment needs to be monitored for efficacy and potential adverse reactions.