Most halogen bulbs are designed to fit into standard screw-in Edison bases, GU10 halogen bulbs are designed to fit into GU10 bases. The GU10 light bulb base employs a two-pronged, twist-and-lock system, which is very effective at keeping a bulb secure. Halogen bulbs such as GU10 halogen bulbs operate similarly to classic incandescent light bulbs, but the average halogen light bulb is more efficient than the average incandescent light bulb.
Halogen bulbs feature a thin filament constructed out of tungsten. Running electricity through the tungsten filament in halogen bulbs creates visible light. Tungsten is the metal of choice for halogen bulb filaments because it offers a higher melting point than any other metal. GU10 halogen bulb filaments can reach temperatures exceeding 4,622 degrees Fahrenheit (2,550 degrees Celsius); Tungsten’s melting point is 6,170 degrees Fahrenheit (3,410 degrees Celsius).
Even though tungsten is an extremely durable material, it is not immune to aging and wear, so the tungsten filaments in GU10 halogen bulbs evaporate over time. All halogen bulbs employ fill gases such as iodine and traces of a halogen. As tungsten particles evaporate from the surface of a filament in a halogen bulb, they react with halogen fill-gases and redeposit back onto the surface of the filament. This reaction within halogen light bulbs is referred to as "the halogen cycle." Halogen bulb internal temperatures must reach 482 degrees Fahrenheit (250 degrees Celsius) for the halogen cycle to take effect.
The halogen technology used in GU10 halogen bulbs has resulted in improvements in efficiency over incandescent technology. Fill gases make halogen bulbs more efficient and last much longer than incandescent bulbs. Light emissions are brighter from halogen bulbs because fill gases allow filaments to burn at higher temperatures. The average incandescent bulbs used in the early 21st century lasted for about 1,000 hours, but GU10 halogen bulbs were engineered to last for more than 5,000 hours, depending on the wattage. Halogen light bulbs are capable of producing lumen outputs ranging from 10-20 lumens per watt.
GU10 halogen bulbs are ideal for many lighting applications. Essentially, they can be used wherever a GU10 base is available. Consumers even have access to adapters that receive GU10 halogen bulbs and can be fitted into traditional Edison screw bases.