Topical pain relievers, also called topical analgesics, are often used to treat arthritis and sore muscles. There are several varieties available over the counter. Many people use them in conjunction with oral analgesics such as aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen. Topical pain relievers are available in cream, gel, and oil form as well as infused in pain relieving pads and patches. Their benefit is the ability to apply them for location-specific joint or muscle pain control.
The three most common forms of topical pain relievers are capsaicin, counter-irritants, and salicylates. Capsaicin is a naturally occurring compound found in hot peppers. It causes burning when it comes into contact with mucus membranes. As a pain reliever, capsaicin works by blocking the pain receptors that send signals to the brain. It is sold over the counter under several brand names.
Salicylates are naturally occurring chemicals found in plants and are similar to salicylic acid, which is manufactured to produce aspirin. Used in topical pain relievers, salicylates decrease pain by reducing inflammation. Salicylates comprise some of the most popular topical pain name brand pain relievers.
Counter-irritants are substances that relieve pain by distracting the body’s transmission of pain signals through the introduction of either a cooling or burning sensation. Camphor, eucalyptus oil, and menthol are examples of counter-irritants. Used in topical pain relievers, counter-irritants are usually safe to use in conjunction with oral pain relievers and are often used to treat sprains, strains, and sore muscles.
Though many topical pain relievers are sold over the counter, patients should read the interaction and warning labels of any product before use. People should check with a medical professional if they are unsure which type is best for a specific condition. Using these medications for an extended period of time to treat chronic conditions such as arthritis should be done only under the advice of a healthcare professional.