The best treatments for foot pain and swelling depend upon what is causing it. Typically, medications that relieve inflammation and reduce pain are the treatment of choice. In addition, elevation of the foot improves circulation and can reduce pain and swelling. Applying ice to the foot often results in decreased swelling and discomfort. When using ice, the ice should either be placed in an ice bag, or wrapped in a soft cloth to prevent direct contact with skin.
Some conditions of the foot, such as tendinitis, can cause extreme pain upon movement and significant swelling. Although pain relievers are usually effective in relieving symptoms, the physician needs to be notified when pain is severe. Tendinitis refers to a condition where tendons become inflamed due to injury or overuse. It is commonly seen in the hands, but also occurs in the elbow and feet.
A foot bunion is a painful condition that causes the large bone on the side of the foot to protrude out. This condition can cause significant pain and pressure when wearing shoes that are too tight. Anti-inflammatory medications and ice application can significantly reduce pain and swelling, but sometimes surgery is required. Sometimes, injections of corticosteroids can relief pain and swelling, however, they can cause side effects such as local irritation or damage to surrounding tissues.
When foot pain and swelling are due to a stress fracture, the foot may need to be casted before it can heal. After the fracture heals, pain and swelling usually diminish. Sports creams and analgesic rubs can help the symptoms, however, their effects are usually only temporary, and they should not be used indefinitely. In addition, wrapping the foot in a pressure bandage after application of the ointment can sometimes provide additional relief and support to the painful foot.
In the absence of injury, the cause of these symptoms needs to be investigated. Sometimes swelling of the foot and ankle can be the result of poor circulation, heart disease, or kidney disease. The physician can order blood tests to determine kidney function, and he might recommend an ultrasound test to determine if the blood flow going to the foot is being impeded.
Although anti-inflammatory drugs can greatly improve symptoms of foot pain and swelling, they are not tolerated by everyone. Medications such as aspirin and ibuprofen can cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as stomach pain, abdominal cramping, and heartburn in certain people. For those who are intolerant of these medications, acetaminophen pain relievers can be a viable substitute. Although effective for pain relief, they do little to reduce swelling.