Political science is a very broad field which incorporates the study of historical and modern political systems, governmental policies and procedures, international relations, and public affairs. There are many different political science careers available for knowledgeable, analytical professionals in government organizations, law offices, research institutions, and universities, among other settings. The most common political science careers include policy and survey analysts, journalists, political advisers, attorneys, and judges.
Individuals with specialized knowledge of public policy and survey analysis often find political science careers with nonprofit groups, research institutions, and government offices. Individuals might research historical policy decisions or analyze the effectiveness of present ones using information from public surveys and records. Many policy and survey analysts produce detailed reports which are used by politicians, judges, and other members of government to influence future decisions.
Many graduates of political science programs choose to become involved in print, television, or radio journalism, where they apply their expert understanding of political systems to create reports about current events. Political scientists might cover elections, conduct interviews, or attend press conferences where they often have the opportunity to ask questions. Most journalists recognize the importance of objectivity and attempt to present their stories and reports in a manner that reflects factual information, rather than opinions.
Political advisors are political science experts who work alongside politicians and government officials, helping them make important decisions in a number of different situations. Advisors for city or state officials often focus on local affairs, such as raising money for schools or health institutions. Individuals involved in policy advisement for federal politicians may specialize in proposing international agreements, changing environmental policy, raising or lowering taxes, or making important economical decisions.
People who fully understand the nature and meaning of constitutions, rulings, and regulations often pursue political science careers in law. Judges and attorneys usually have extensive knowledge of historical court decisions and public policy. Many attorneys become involved in analyzing legislative decisions and determining whether or not a case is worth representing. Judges are elected officials, and those with extensive political science experience can apply their knowledge of elections and public opinion to help them win positions.
To obtain most political science careers, individuals must usually obtain, at minimum, bachelor's degrees from accredited universities. Many people choose to pursue master's or doctoral degrees in the subject to solidify their understanding of political systems and improve their chances of finding meaningful employment. Many new employees in government, law offices, and journalism institutions begin their careers as assistants to established professionals in the field, where they have the opportunity to observe the detailed work involved in such jobs.