There are a wide range of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) medications available, including tranylcypromine, iproclozide, nialamide, and phenelzine. Each these works to inhibit, or lessen, the productive or impact of monoamine. This is a chemical within the brain which has been shown to directly affect mood. Nearly all types of MAOI drugs are used in the treatment of depression, although sometimes they are used for other mood and mental disorders.
Most types of MAOI drugs work in primarily the same way. They are one of the oldest classes of antidepressants, and they are prescribed less often than newer medications, which are generally considered safer. MAOI drugs have various potential side effects which may become a problem for some patients. These can include dry mouth, dizziness, stomach upset, constipation, and low blood pressure.
When compared with other antidepressant medications, most types of MAOI drugs have a greater risk of serious complications. This becomes a greater risk when high doses are used. Convulsions, seizures, coma, drastic changes in blood pressure, irregular heart rate, and hallucinations may occur. Dropping the dosage or discontinuing MAOI medications can also cause serious health complications.
Patients who are taking any types of MAOI drugs should follow their doctors’ instructions carefully. There are various drugs which may interact with MAOI medications, as well as certain dietary restrictions patients must follow. When drugs must be discontinued for any reason, the dosage should be lessened gradually to reduce the risk of serious health complications.
Although there are various types of MAOI drugs, they are all similar in makeup and they are designed to work in much the same way. There may be slight differences, just as with other medications, so one brand or type may work better than another for most patients. Newer MAOI medications may be safer than the original ones, but they still carry a greater number of potential side effects and drug interactions than more modern drugs. They are most commonly prescribed when other medications have failed to work effectively.
Those who are taking an MAOI should consult a doctor or pharmacist before taking any other drugs or supplements. If side effects are severe or persistent, a doctor should be notified. Many times, altering the dosage or choosing a different medication may lessen troubling side effects. Children, teens, and young adults should be closely monitored when taking an MAOI, or any antidepressant. These drugs should only be prescribed for individuals within this age range when absolutely necessary.