Water borne diseases are a group of diseases that are caused by consuming contaminated water. Some common contaminants include bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Some of the more well-known water borne diseases include dysentery, cholera, and typhoid fever. Treatment for these conditions is individualized and based on the type of illness, the specific symptoms present, and the overall health of the patient.
Dysentery is one of the more common diseases carried in water. Dysentery is caused by a type of bacteria known as shigella dysenteriae, which is often present in contaminated waters throughout the world. Symptoms of dysentery include frequent bowel movements, often containing blood or mucus, and in more severe cases, vomiting blood. Severe intestinal cramps are often present as well. Treatment for this condition typically involves the use of a prescription medication known as metronidazole, although other medications may sometimes be prescribed.
Cholera is one of the most well-known potentially fatal water borne diseases. This disease is caused by the bacteria vibrio cholerae. Symptoms often include nausea, vomiting, and watery diarrhea. In severe cases, the body could go into shock, causing various body systems to stop functioning properly. Without immediate medical attention, death could occur within a matter of hours. Prompt treatment with antibiotics and fluid replacement therapy greatly increase the patient's chance of survival, and many patients are able to recover completely from this illness.
Also among the known diseases carried in water is a condition known as typhoid fever. This illness is caused by the bacteria known as salmonella typhi. Symptoms of typhoid fever may include elevated body temperature, sweating, and diarrhea. Treatment involves the use of antibiotics and fluid replacement therapy. This often consists of an intravenous line placed in a vein to provide necessary fluids and electrolytes.
Gastroenteritis is one of the water borne diseases caused by a viral infection. Nausea, vomiting, and fever are common symptoms of gastroenteritis. Treatment for this condition involves replacing lost fluids. This can often be accomplished at home by drinking plenty of clear liquids. In severe cases, IV therapy may be required.
Water borne diseases may also be caused by parasites, as is the case with enterobiasis, more commonly known as pinworms. Symptoms include anal itching and insomnia. Over-the-counter medications are available in most drug stores to treat this common condition. As with any of the water born diseases, any troublesome symptoms should be reported to a physician for proper diagnosis and individualized treatment options.