Common laxative side effects may include laxative dependency, as over usage can alter the foundation and assembly of the small intestine. Vitamin deficiencies and dehydration can also be common side effects of laxatives. Kidney stones can occur with laxative abuse as well as kidney malfunction. Another potential side effect may include interaction with other medications, making certain drugs lose their effect or potency.
Laxative side effects such as becoming severely dehydrated, and as a result deleting the body's essential supply of electrolytes, can be serious. Irregular rhythm of the heart has been known to occur in individuals with low potassium and magnesium levels. When laxatives are abused, it may cause a long-term effect of watery stools and diarrhea. These can become life threatening if left unchecked.
One of the more common laxative side effects is known as a rebound effect. When laxatives are used on a regular basis, the intestinal tract and small bowel may become stagnant and inactive. This in turn can cause chronic constipation, often more severe than the symptoms that emerged at the original onset.
Bloating of the stomach and intestines can be another common side effect of laxatives associated with moderate to excessive use. Edema, also known as swelling, may be caused by the excessive amount of fluid that is retained within the stomach or gastrointestinal (GI) tract. GI swelling is often a symptom of excessive laxative use, and these symptoms can interchange with the contrasting symptoms of diarrhea.
Moderate cramping is often a common laxative side effect, especially from those made with harsh ingredients. Some laxatives are made to be gentle and claim to cause minimal to no cramping. In laxatives that incorporate high amounts of fiber, these products may increase intestinal cramps in certain individuals.
Other less common laxative side effects are blood in the stool, leading to iron deficiencies or possible anemia. Anemia causes the body to be deficient in red blood cells. Red blood cells are essential in distributing life sustaining oxygen from the lungs to crucial areas of the body, including body tissue structures.
In cases of long-term abuse of laxatives, more serious side effects can potentially occur. When individuals abuse the use of laxatives for several years, there may be a direct correlation between that abuse and the incidence of colon cancer. While this factor is speculative among medical experts, the risk may certainly be present. Using laxatives for weight loss is a common form of laxative abuse and is considered to be a risk for other complications.