The main pro of taking antibiotics for a toothache is the elimination of any tooth flora that might be growing in and around teeth. This greatly reduces the amount of discomfort the patient feels, as well as prevents many possible medical issues. In many cases, it is the most cost-effective method for toothache treatment. The cons of using antibiotics for a toothache include possible allergic reactions, bleeding, and headaches. In rare cases, patients report having vision problems, vomiting, and increased pain.
Many dentists prescribe antibiotics for a toothache if the pain is caused by a bacterial infection. An infection, if left unchecked, can spread to other areas of the body, including the brain. Should this occur, the patient has a high risk of developing a much more serious medical condition. Antibiotics can completely eliminate the presence of harmful bacteria in and around the teeth and gums. This can lead to lasting relief in a few days.
In addition to the relief, the antibiotics are often a cheaper alternative to dental surgery. Patients can avoid having infected teeth extracted if the antibiotic medication is determined to be a viable option. The treatment is also considered a more convenient option than surgery, as it demands a much smaller time investment.
As with any medication, however, taking antibiotics for a toothache has its cons. Doctors will often ask the patient about any preexisting medical conditions or any other medications the patient might be taking before writing up a prescription for the drugs. Antibiotics can have harmful interactions with other medications, causing more damage to the patient than good. Some conditions are worsened by antibiotics, as the medication can eliminate the good bacteria that stave off more serious problems; a yeast infection, for example, will get worse with the use of certain drugs. In general, pregnant women are advised to avoid antibiotics as the medication might harm the developing fetus.
Negative side effects of antibiotics can vary between the types of drugs. Amoxicillin, for example, has been known to induce diarrhea in patients. Penicillin, on the other hand, can cause nausea and the development of a black coating on the tongue. Allergic reactions to antibiotics can cause swelling in the gums, which, in turn, increases pressure on the infected tooth and causes significantly more discomfort for the patient. Large doses of strong antibiotics can also cause liver or kidney damage in the long term.