Gingivitis is the medical term for inflamed gums. This symptom may occur when conditions of poor oral hygiene exist, or it may be a sign of a virus or other infection. Most people experience inflamed gums at some point in their lives, but when it becomes persistent or interferes with their quality of life, it is best to have an oral doctor, such as a dentist, examine the mouth for the specific cause.
The tissue surrounding the teeth is commonly referred to as a person’s gums. When the gums are inflamed, it means they have become red, swollen or sore to the touch. Gum inflammation typically occurs when plaque, the clear film that forms on one’s teeth, irritates the skin around the tooth. That is why it is so important to brush and floss to remove plaque build-up. Inflamed gums can usually be corrected by maintaining good oral hygiene, which consists of brushing teeth two to three times each day with a soft toothbrush and flossing regularly.
When good oral hygiene does not correct inflamed gums, one can begin the search for another reason. These include periodontitis, viral or fungal infections, or even side effects of medication. Often even changing one’s toothbrush or adding a rinse or mouthwash to a person’s daily routine can reduce the inflammation.
Gingivitis that is left untreated can progress and become periodontal disease. The bacteria in plaque cause the skin to retreat from the tooth, creating pockets between the gums and teeth. These pockets grow, and teeth can eventually become loose. Progression usually occurs very slowly over one’s lifetime, and periodontitis is rarely found in children unless it is a manifestation of a deeper systemic problem. The best treatment for periodontitis is good oral hygiene.
Inflamed gums can also be caused by viral or fungal infections. A good example is the herpes simplex virus, for which gum inflammation is an early sign of an outbreak. In addition, children are very susceptible to the coxsackievirus, which also causes inflamed gums. The most common fungal infection of the mouth is candidiasis.
When a person has a larger systemic problem, like heart disease or diabetes, inflamed gums can be one of the symptoms. Other, more simple, things might cause inflamed gums, like using dentures that do not fit correctly, brushing too aggressively, or using a toothbrush with hard bristles. A good diet and good oral hygiene can usually correct the problem. In addition, people are encouraged to visit a dentist twice a year for check-ups and treatment.