A breath analyzer, or breathalyzer, is a battery-operated device that can reveal a person's blood alcohol content (BAC) by sampling the breath. Professional models, not much larger than a deck of playing cards, provide quick, accurate results displayed digitally in a LED window.
Law enforcement has used breathalyzers for many years, but a breath analyzer can also be handy for individuals. Party guests can avail themselves of a breathalyzer to ensure they can legally and safely get behind the wheel to drive home. If the reading is still too high, a simple waiting period can help one avoid a costly DUI (driving under the influence violation) or worse. Institutions and business with policies of random drug testing might use a breath analyzer, especially among employees that are entrusted with the care of others, work with potentially dangerous machinery or operate vehicles.
A breath analyzer can detect BAC because alcohol does not change chemical composition within the body. Instead, it is absorbed by the stomach and intestines to enter the bloodstream. Inside the bloodstream it travels throughout the body, including lung sacs called alveoli, where alcohol molecules are mixed with exhaled air.
The ratio for alcohol found in the breath to alcohol in the blood is 2,100:1. Hence, by measuring the concentration of alcohol in the breath, the analyzer can easily calculate blood alcohol content. The legal limit in most states is 0.08% BAC.
A breath analyzer can be designed to identify alcohol by different means. Many commercial models use "smart dust" or oxidize sensors that, when exposed to alcohol molecules, create electrons and protons which travel down a wire. A microchip measures the electrical current in the wire to calculate the concentration of alcohol. Other models are designed to measure the absorption level of infrared light on different molecules, and still others are based on other chemical principles. A good indication of quality is to look for those approved by the Department Of Transportation (DOT) and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA).
An approved breath analyzer generally runs about US$100 and can be found online or at finer department stores. A breath analyzer can be a life-saving gift, not only for the one drinking, but for others on the road. Note that very small pocket-sized models are generally considered novelty gifts and may not be accurate.