A bruised lung, medically referred to as a pulmonary contusion, is a serious medical condition that often develops after a traumatic injury. The blood vessels, cells, and tissues of the lung become damaged with this sort of injury, leading to internal bruising. Some side effects of a bruised lung may include pain, coughing up blood, and difficulty breathing. A bruised lung is a serious condition that may require hospitalization and supportive care in order to preserve the life of the patient.
Pain is a common side effect of bruising in the lung. Chest pain can range from mild to severe and may become worse when breathing or during even mild physical activity. The risk of a heart attack is increased in those who have had a chest injury, so sudden or severe chest pain should be reported to a doctor immediately. Pain medications are often prescribed for those with a pulmonary contusion.
When the lung is bruised, a small about of blood may collect inside of the lung. This may lead to coughing or spitting up blood. This symptom should always be reported to a doctor right away, as internal bleeding can be potentially fatal. Difficulty breathing and cyanosis are also common with a bruised lung. Cyanosis is the medical term for a bluish tint to the skin.
Several diagnostic tests may be performed when a bruised lung is suspected in order to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of the damage. Some of the most common tests include blood work, x-rays, and ultrasound. In many cases, supportive care in a hospital setting is necessary until the patient becomes medically stable and able to return home. The medical staff will provide detailed instructions on self-care once the patient is released from the hospital.
After the pulmonary contusion has been diagnosed, a chest tube may be needed in order to pump blood, air, or fluid from the chest cavity. The patient may need to be connected to a ventilator for breathing assistance until breathing becomes easier and to help avoid organ damage as a result of a lack of oxygen to the various tissues of the body. This type of ventilation may include the use of a face mask or a tube that is inserted into the trachea. A special machine may be used to suction blood or other fluids from the lungs. Pain medications and oxygen therapy are frequently used when treating complications arising from the development of a bruised lung.