A bulged disc is a common and painful disorder where the innermost nucleus of the disc in the spine applies pressure against the outer portion of the disc, forming a bubble or a bulge. With a bulged disc, the nucleus is still within the walls of the disc and the disc has not torn or ruptured; however, the pressure placed on the nerve root of the spine can cause extreme pain. A disc can occur in any portion of the spine, but it is most common in the lower back or the lumbar area.
There are two primary causes of a bulged disc – old age or an injury to the spine. The symptoms vary from person to person; however the main complaint is pain or numbness through the nerve area of the back. This occurs when the disc presses on the nerve roots. In some cases, there is little or no back pain – which means the disc is not pressing on the nerve root. There are two main things that can happen with a bulged disc: it can heal itself or be healed with minor treatment, or it can worsen, rupture, and require greater attention.
For pain associated with a bulged disc, rest is the best treatment plan –- medicines only work to mask the pain and will not cure the problem. When the disc area is not painful, light walking and other activities are recommended to build up the muscles. A heating pad and a warm shower are also useful remedies during times painful periods. Oftentimes, physical therapy is recommended. A good physical therapist may teach techniques to strengthen the muscles of the back, such as Pilates.
Luckily, in most cases, the disc will get better with time. Nearly half the people diagnosed with the disorder are healed in one month and nearly all are well in six months. Although it is relatively rare, it is possible that surgery will be required. But, before proceeding down the surgical route, a second opinion from another physician may be a good idea.
There are several things that can be done to prevent a bulged disc. For example, when lifting, lift with the legs – not the back. Simply bend the knees to a squat, then lift. Having good posture and following an exercise regime can also help prevent the condition. Lastly, maintaining a healthy weight and not smoking will also decrease the likelihood of an injury to the disc.