A musket is a muzzle-loading, smoothbore, shoulder gun. Though the exact date of the invention of the musket is difficult to pinpoint, muskets have been in documented use for hundreds of years. The musket was primarily an infantry weapon used in combat and can be traced back as far as the 15th century. A soldier who was trained for use of and carried a musket was called a musketeer.
The dimensions of a musket were primarily uniform and measured approximately 62 inches (157.5 cm) in length with a 12 bore barrel approximately 48 inches (121.9 cm) long. With the aid of a rod the musket was loaded with a lead ball, called a musket ball, wrapped in a paper or linen patch that was backed with gunpowder. The first muskets fired with a matchlock, a gunlock that ignited the gunpowder by use of a match.
Loading and reloading the musket was slow, but the musket packed large caliber ammunition that could cause extensive damage to a target. Accuracy was minimally predictable and was considered accurate to about 200 yards depending on the rifle. In the 16th and 17th century the musket was considered an indispensable weapon of war and specific tactics were applied to their use.
Though the musket is thought to have originated in Asia, the gun made its way to the North American frontier and has a deeply rooted place in the history of weaponry in America. As modern advancements were made during the 19th century, breech-loading firearms gradually replaced muskets. Rarely is the term "musket" used today, though muzzle-loading shotguns are still being manufactured for use by hunters and marksmen.
Muzzle-loading shotguns are permitted for use during certain periods of deer season in certain areas. Primitive weapons deer season lasts up to a week in some areas and permits hunters to use muzzle-loading shotguns to hunt bucks only. Gun collectors also find value in early muskets, especially those dating back to the 18th century.