Several different types of infectious bacteria can cause individuals to suffer from diarrhea. Bacteria usually enter the body after a person ingests contaminated water or foods such as undercooked meat or produce that has not been thoroughly washed. The most common forms of bacterial diarrhea result from ingesting strains Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella, or Escherichia coli. An infected person can expect to experience frequent bouts of watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever, and dehydration. Most instances of bacterial diarrhea go away on their own in about a week, though severe cases may need to be treated with antibiotics.
Bacterial diarrhea is a common ailment of adventurers and travelers. A hiker can become infected if he or she drinks stagnant water from a lake or stream without boiling it first. Even public drinking water sources in many developing countries may contain trace amounts of bacteria that are especially devastating to travelers. Locals often build up immunity to the contents of their water, but visitors' bodies are not equipped to fight off the bacteria. Other bacterial sources include raw or undercooked meats and produce that is tainted with feces and fertilizer.
A person usually experiences severe stomach cramps within two to four days of an infection. Frequent episodes of diarrhea are common, even as often as every half hour. Bacterial diarrhea is typically watery and may contain blood. If dehydration sets in, an individual might start to feel fatigued and come down with a fever. Since the condition can be contagious, it is very important for a person to wash his or her hands frequently and avoid handling others' food.
Depending on the type and amount of a bacteria that is ingested, an infection can last anywhere from three to eight days. Most instances do not require medical attention, though it is important to stay as hydrated as possible. Individuals should drink water and fluids that contain electrolytes to help replenish their supply of nutrients. A sufferer should seek medical attention if symptoms become unbearable or last for more than one week, as more serious problems such as meningitis can result from a weakened immune system.
During an appointment, a doctor can pinpoint the cause of bacterial diarrhea by collecting and analyzing stool cultures. Once a specific bacterium is identified, the physician may prescribe an oral antibiotic and recommend a follow-up appointment to make sure that symptoms subside. In addition, the doctor can provide information on ways to avoid infection in the future. Travelers can bring their own water with them on trips, and individuals can take extra care when cleaning, handling, and cooking food.