Derived from the colocynth plant, colocynthis is a herbal treatment for a variety of conditions, primarily intestinal or menstrual in nature. The treatment comes from the fruit of the gourd-like colocynth plant, which is native to Asia Minor. Ailments typically treated with colocynthis include constipation; liver and gallbladder problems; diarrhea; colic; and painful menstruation. Others use the herb to treat nerve and joint issues, such as sciatica, rheumatism and facial neuralgia.
Although proponents claim a variety of benefits, use of herbal treatments derived from the colocynth plant remain controversial because of studies showing some harmful effects. Ingestion of colcynth may severely irritate the stomach and intestines or cause kidney damage, bloody diarrhea and bloody urine. Overdose is believed to result in paralysis and death. Some regulatory bodies, including the Food and Drug Administration in the United States, consider the colocynth plant and any treatments made from it as poisonous.
Colocynthis use dates back to ancient times. For example, it was used as an abortion agent in ancient Egypt. Ancient Greeks used the plant to treat lethargy and mental disorders. Colocynthis may be applied topically, dried and ground into a powder or made into a tincture, and is usually taken in conjunction with other herbal treatments.
Even if it is not used as widely as it was in ancient times, colocynthis is still available as a herbal treatment. Homeopaths may use the plant to treat underlying ailments and expel toxins from the body. Small amounts may be used in the treatment of colic. It is also believed to be beneficial in treating emotional problems such as depression. Other users take colocynthis for joint or nerve complaints, such as rheumatism, sciatica or facial neuralgia.
It should be noted however that colocynthis can cause side effects such as vomiting and diarrhea. Herbal treatments, including colocynthis, should always be used under the guidance of an experienced herbal practitioner and after consultation with one's family doctor. The effects and side effects of such treatments cannot be generalized for all patients, as each person is likely to react differently. Therefore, informed research and consultation is necessary before undertaking such treatments. Those especially with chronic health problems must consider the advantages and possible risks of herbal treatments, as unwanted reactions and negative interactions with other treatments may occur.