Habenaria is a plant genus that is part of the Orchidaceae plant family. It consists of about 35 species of perennial orchids that are native to southern Africa. The plants have upright stems and lanced shaped leaves. Landscapers utilize these plants in flower beds or flower pots. The genus Habenaria can be prone to aphid infestation.
The genus name is derived from the Greek word for "a rein" or "strap." It describes the strap-like appearance of the plant. Generally, the plants within the genus are referred to as water-spider orchids or bog orchids. Many of the species also have variations of the common name. Habenaria arenaria is also known as the dune orchid.
Plants within the genus Habenaria grow in a variety of habitats in southern Africa. Some species grow in grasslands, while others prefer marshes. A few species populate the forests and a handful grow in savannas. The plants either form in bunches or grow singly. Habenaria repens Nutt is a species that is native to the southeastern U.S.
Bog orchids typically grow up to 30 inches (80 cm) in height. The leaves grow either at the base of the stem or along the stem. The species with leaves that are at the base will appear to lie face down on the ground.
The bog orchid has a unique root system that consists of underground tubers. These are specialized structures that become enlarged when nutrients are stored within them. The bog orchid will utilize the nutrients during periods of drought or for survival during the winter.
These plants have unique flowers that are green, white, or yellow. A few species produce a red flower. The bloom time is generally in the summer.
For best results, these plants are grown in well-draining potting soil that consists of sandy soil, mulch, and vermiculite. Vermiculite is considered a soil amendment that helps enhance growing conditions. The pot should be placed in an area that is temperate and with good air flow. Additionally, the plant should be in a shaded area.
A problem that commonly affects the bog orchid is aphid infestation. Aphids are small, pear-shaped insects that feed on the leaves of the genus Habenaria. These insects also deposit a sticky residue which attracts mold spores. Sooty mold fungus can blacken the entire plant if left untreated. Applying insecticidal soap to the plant can prevent the aphids from spreading.