Hesperaloe is a plant genus that is part of the Agavaceae family. It contains a number of evergreen species that are native to the southern United States and northern states of Mexico. Most of the species feature grass-like clumps of leaves that are arranged in a circular fashion, similar to a rosette. Stalks or spikes of bell-shaped flowers rise several feet above the rosette and typically bloom from April to May. Plants within the hesperaloe genus are generally used in xeriscaping, which are landscapes that reduce or completely eliminate the use of irrigation.
The largest member of the hesperaloe genus is the Hesperaloe funifera, which is also referred to as the Giant Yucca or New Mexico False Yucca. It features yellow-green foliage that is arranged in a thick, upright rosette which spreads to a width and height of six feet (about 1.8 m). The narrow, lance-shaped leaves are firm, feature white fibers along the edges, and grow three to six feet (0.9-1.8 m) in length and up to an inch and a half (3.8 cm) wide. Towering over the foliage is a flowering stalk that can reach a height of 15 feet (4.5 m). Cream colored flowers sprout from the stalk and feature greenish-white tepals.
Hesperaloe funifera is commonly harvested for its coarse fibers, which are used to manufacture cords in Mexico. Also, the plant is considered a potential source for the production of paper products. It is also used as a landscaping plant in drought prone regions.
Most plants within the hesperaloe genus grow well in heavy soils, such as clay and sandy loam, as long as the material features adequate drainage and aeration. A slightly alkaline soil pH doesn't present a problem for this genus, nor does direct sunlight or freezing temperatures. In fact, this drought tolerate plant genus can survive without any supplemental water. It can thrive on just rainfall. Adding plants within the hesperaloe genus to a garden or yard significantly reduces the amount of water needed to maintain a healthy landscape, particularly in a hot, dry climate.
Generally, hesperaloe species are low maintenance. They are not susceptible to insect damage or fungal infections, and the bell-shaped flowers will attract hummingbirds. Most species don't require pruning, but the flower stalks are generally removed after the blooming season, since they become dry and unattractive. Propagation is generally done from seeds or division of clumps in the winter.