Propranolol hydrochloride is usually used in the treatment of high blood pressure, but is also sometimes used to treat chest pain, an irregular heartbeat, migraine headaches, and other cardiovascular problems. It is a type of medication called a beta blocker, which slows down the heartbeat and reduces blood pressure. While it can be a useful and effective medication, there are some side effects that may occur and precautions that must be taken while using it.
Many people experience no side effects or only mild, transient side effects. The most common side effects of propranolol hydrochloride are gastrointestinal problems such as diarrhea, constipation or nausea, lightheadedness or dizziness, drowsiness, or trouble sleeping. These side effects usually go away after a short while once the body adjusts to the medication. Any persistent or concerning side effects should be reported to the patient's doctor, and side effects may vary widely.
Some serious side effects of propranolol hydrochloride are possible, including worsening of angina or heart attack, severe allergic reaction, and serious skin reactions. If experiencing symptoms such as chest pain, trouble breathing, swelling, disorientation, hallucinations, severe mood changes, or any unexplained skin reactions such as blistering, hives, or bruising, patients should seek immediate medical attention. Any other severe or rapidly worsening side effects should also be reported immediately.
It is very important not to stop taking propranolol hydrochloride suddenly or without doctor permission and supervision. Sudden discontinuation may cause angina or a heart attack, so patients should be slowly weaned off of the medication if cessation is appropriate. Patients should also ensure that they keep all follow-up appointments with their doctors. Beta blockers do not cure high blood pressure, so many patients must continue taking this medication for a long time or the rest of their lives, even if they feel fine.
A large number of medications may interact with propranolol hydrochloride, so it is important the the prescribing doctor knows about all medications taken, including vitamins, over the counter medicines, and herbal or dietary supplements. People who have a history of cardiovascular, liver, or kidney problems, asthma, diabetes, or problems with blood sugar levels or thyroid levels should discuss this with the doctor, because propranolol hydrochloride may be inappropriate for them or they may require closer supervision while using it. Women who are pregnant, may become pregnant, or are nursing a baby should discuss this with their doctors, since it is unknown if this medication could harm a nursing or unborn baby.