Tetracaine is a medication available in the form of eye drops, or in a gel that is applied topically. This medication is an anesthetic, which means that it has a numbing effect. It works by blocking the nerves from transmitting pain signals.
Such eye drops are administered at a clinic or doctor’s office before an eye surgery or other procedure. Patients receiving tetracaine eye drops should refrain from touching or rubbing their eyes until the medication is no longer in effect. They may also need to wear an eye patch.
Tetracaine topical gel is generally used for relieving pain due to minor injuries, such as bee stings, sunburn, and cold sores. Patients should apply the smallest amount of gel necessary to lightly cover the area. It should be used no more than four times daily, or as directed by a doctor. A physician may also apply the gel to a patient’s mouth, throat, or nose to prevent any pain due to the insertion of a medical instrument in those places.
The topical version of this medication should not be applied to skin that is blistered. This includes severe burns. It should also not be used for puncture wounds or to cover large areas of the patient’s body.
Patients should be aware of the possible side effects. The eye drops may result in temporary redness, stinging, and burning. Patients should discuss possible risks to a breastfeeding infant or unborn baby before using this medication.
The use of the topical form of tetracaine may result in skin tenderness, mild burning, and white skin flakes at the application site. More serious side effects can include swelling, warmth, and severe burning or stinging of the area. It may also cause sensitivity to light, watery eyes, and eye irritation. Patients who experience these more serious side effects should discontinue use and call their doctor.
Rarely, topical tetracaine may result in side effects that require emergency medical attention. These include rapid or slow heart rate, fainting, and slow or stopped breathing. Patients may also experience dizziness, drowsiness, and nervousness, as well as blurred vision. Some possible signs of an overdose may include seizures, coma, and an uneven heart rate.
Both the topical gel and the eye drops may interact with other medical conditions. Patients should disclose their full medical history before taking these medications. They should also discuss any other medications or supplements they are taking.