Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome is a condition that first was identified in the 1960s by Drs. Jack Rubinstein and Hooshang Taybi. Prior to its identification, it was not believed to be a related set of conditions warranting an individual name. Today, the disease is better known as one present at birth, affecting intelligence, appearance, developmental patterns, and possibly impacting health in a variety of ways.
The most distinguishing features of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome is unique facial appearance. This includes having a smaller head, small mouth, larger nose, and down-slanting eyes. the hairline may extend far onto the forehead, and children with this condition can have much smaller palates than average. The big toes and thumbs are often broad too, and they may not be as straight as normal.
While facial, thumb and big toe appearance tends to be very similar in each child with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, there can be very large differences in what other problems are present. Most children with this condition are mild to moderately retarded, and they may suffer a variety of delays that affect language, feeding and motor skills. Many children also have some form of eye problems, but specific type may vary by child.
More serious is prevalence of heart defects, some of which may necessitate surgery in infancy or early childhood. Of the conditions associated with this syndrome, presence of heart defects may have greatest impact on survivability. That being said, many children with this condition live well into adulthood.
There are many babies who have such clear evidence of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome that they’re diagnosed very early in life. Others don’t receive a diagnosis until they are nearly 2 years or older. Especially early, it’s hard to tell if facial appearance is that dramatically different, but this becomes clearer later on in infancy, along with evidence of other delays or issues. It should be stressed that these other issues or delays really depend on the child, and not all kids with this syndrome have the same exact symptoms, though most resemble each other facially.
Things that remain unknown about Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome include what causes it. Thus far, genetic studies do not show it to have a genetic or inherited origin and there are very few reports of more than one person having it in the same family. This doesn’t rule out that the condition may chromosomal, but as yet, there is no clear explanation for it.
More clear is that children with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome will need plenty of support. Physical, occupational and other educational therapies could be of use in offsetting early developmental challenges. Additional help is needed as children progress through school, and most kids lack the intelligence level required to obtain a full high school education. Instead, supportive assistance that can allow these children to learn and thrive to the best of their abilities is recommended, and assistance should include support for parents and family members.
