Lidocaine is a common local anesthetic used to relieve pain and discomfort. The drug is usually administrated in topical form by cream, gel or ointment. Other forms of lidocaine include foam, lotion and patches. Common medical applications involving topical lidocaine include dermal, dental and minor cosmetic procedures. Precaution should be exercised when using this medication.
Low dose topical lidocaine can usually be obtained over-the-counter (OTC) without a prescription. Lidocaine OTC concentrations range from 2.5% to 10%. At lower doses, lidocaine is usually effective in relieving pain associated with minor conditions such as sunburn, hemorrhoids and arthritis. In the case of arthritis and other bone and muscular ailments, lidocaine patches of various concentrations are used.
Dental and cosmetic procedures regularly include lidocaine to provide a more comfortable experience for the patient. Before the patient undergoes a procedure, the dentist will apply a solution of viscous lidocaine — which is a mixture of lidocaine and hydrochloride — topically to the affected areas. Viscous lidocaine is mainly used to prevent the patient from experiencing gag reflex.
Topical lidocaine is also used for cosmetic procedures to dull pain. For example, in addition to a cooling device, patients undergoing laser hair removal can opt for a topical 5% lidocaine cream. Usually the cream is applied before the procedure takes place.
To use topical lidocaine, the affected area should be clean and dry before applying the anesthetic. After cleaning, a thin layer of lidocaine should be applied as directed. Application frequency mainly depends on the condition and concentration strength, but usually low dose lidocaine is applied two to three times daily. Use of topical lidocaine on large areas of the body is not recommended. Over applying the medication can have serious side effects, which can range from mild to life-threatening.
Minor side effects usually include redness, stinging and swelling at the application site. Some people have been known to suffer serious allergic reactions when using lidocaine, however. Symptoms of a serious allergic reaction are extreme rash, swelling of the upper respiratory tract and trouble breathing. Other serious side effects include seizures, irregular heartbeat and respiratory failure. Medical attention should be immediately administered following any of the previously mentioned side-effects.
Those with an anesthetic allergy or history of other allergies should practice caution when taking lidocaine to avoid serious side effects. Use of topical lidocaine in pregnancy should be used under the advice and supervision of a medical professional. Patients with liver or heart disease should not use lidocaine, especially those with irregular heart rhythm disorders, low blood pressure or slow heartbeat.