Leg cramps at night, also known as charley horses or nocturnal leg cramps, are often harmless. They are usually caused by dehydration, muscle fatigue, and/or poor circulation resulting from lack of movement. The incidence of leg cramps at night increases with age and is more common in pregnant women. In some cases, nocturnal leg cramps are associated with diseases such as diabetes, hypoglycemia, Parkinson’s disease, and thyroid imbalance. Certain medications and chemical imbalances can also cause nocturnal leg cramps.
In most people, a charley horse is not a cause for concern. Activities that cause muscular fatigue and dehydration will increase the likelihood of experiencing leg cramps at night. Inadequate water intake or excessive consumption of liquids such as caffeine and alcohol often lead to dehydration. Overexertion of muscles in an athletic sport or household activity can also increase the likelihood of nocturnal leg cramps. The simple act of resting in one position for too long can lead to leg cramps at night.
Nocturnal leg cramps are sometimes experienced by those with specific diseases. Diabetics often experience nerve damage that can lead to leg cramps. Individuals with Parkinson’s disease often experience sudden or severe nocturnal leg cramps. A thyroid imbalance and hypoglycemia are other conditions sometimes leading to leg cramps.
Leg cramps at night can also be caused by chemical imbalances. Certain medications can cause this problem, such as those used to lower cholesterol and blood pressure. Morphine and lithium can also cause leg cramps. Other chemical imbalances in the body may be the result of a dietary deficiency in potassium, magnesium or calcium.
Often, leg cramps are not caused by a serious illness or chemical imbalance. In these instances, the problem can possibly be prevented through increasing water intake and stretching the muscles before bedtime. When the leg cramps, massaging the affected area and moving the leg around will help to relieve the pain. Eating a potassium-rich diet consisting of foods such as bananas, potatoes, and oranges will also help to control the problem.
If nocturnal leg cramps are persistent, severe, and accompanied by muscle weakness, a visit to the doctor may be necessary. A doctor will usually order blood tests to check for chemical and hormonal imbalances. He also will likely check to ensure that no serious circulation problems exist. Treatments usually involve addressing the underlying cause of the problem, particularly if the cramps are caused by a specific disease or imbalance.