Dental retainers are a type of orthodontic apparatus that fit into the upper or lower part of the mouth and may or may not be removable. There are only a select few reasons why certain people may need to wear retainers, mostly because they need them as a reinforcement after having braces removed. In some cases, a person with minor orthodontic problems may be treated with a retainer instead of braces.
Most often, orthodontic patients who have worn braces to correct the alignment of their teeth are fitted for dental retainers after their braces are removed. A retainer helps reinforce the position of the teeth while the bones and gums adjust to the new alignment. They prevent the teeth from shifting, which can happen as the mouth continues to grow or until the muscles in the mouth and jaw and the gums adapt to the changes caused by the braces.
For minor orthodontic issues, such as an over- or under-bite, a dental retainer alone may be able to correct the problem if it's worn properly. Usually, when a patient is fitted for a dental retainer, he or she must wear it at all times for an initial period of time and then can revert to wearing it only at night. The actual instructions for its proper use vary from patient to patient and are based on the opinion the orthodontist after reviewing the dental x-rays and performing an examination.
Very minor dental problems can be corrected with dental retainers, but many dentists will only refer patients to an orthodontist if they are concerned with their cosmetic appearance. Providing that the problem does not interfere with normal tooth development and function, its correction is left up to the patient. In the case of post-braces care, a retainer is a necessary part of the treatment and is essential for long-term success.
Dental retainers are custom fitted appliances, usually made of molded plastic and wires. Only an orthodontist can fit a patient for one. Before doing the fitting, an orthodontist will discuss the probable success in correcting any problem with the patient, and instruct him or her on the proper use and care of the retainer.